Can Doctors Go on Strike?

CAN DOCTORS GO ON STRIKE? The answer is simply yes since strike is a legitimate action to frown on unfavorable conditions. Strike action is legal and any institution that has legal rights can embark on strike when it deems fit by the abiding conditions. If doctors qualify under this democratic legitimacy, then under which conditions should doctors be on strike? * WHY DOCTORS GO ON STRIKE? From our history as Ghanaians, we have seen doctors going on strike for salary increment.These urgencies may be as result of the following: From global perspective, the medical profession is indeed one of the various professions that carry dignity and every doctor has this rooted deep in his or her mind. The cost that involves becoming a medical doctor is less talked about. It really cost. For that matter many doctors don't see it reasonable to leave on a meager salary. Another point might be the gravity of their services to patients. Many doctors do heart transplanting, fix bones, treat cancer, kid ney, liver etc.These works are very delicate and any careless attempt will end up paralyzing or resulting in the death of the patient. They are called deep in the night to respond to emergencies and many other emergency engagements. Doctors have also argued that the risky nature of their profession demands a higher salary. Sometimes they are prone to contagious diseases like flu, HIV/AID's, TB, and over 200 more contagious deadly diseases. For that matter a high salary must be given to encourage or motivate them. All these points are reasonable though debatable. But often when we talk of risky professions, medical sector is the least talked about.We talk about areas like the military, veterinary, police, fire service; prisons etc. are all coupled with high risk and are sectors that need great attention. * POSSIBLE REASONS AGAINST DOCTORS STRIKE ACTION Even though some international researches have proven that, doctors' strike increases mortality rate, nevertheless, we can not overlo ok to project consequences that comes as a result of doctors' strike. 1. Untimely death of patients 2. Prolongation of suffering of patients in severe cases 3. Breach of international code of ethics that doctors themselves have sworn into 4. Put pressure on government . Sensitizes other equally rated professions to follow suite 6. The public might see them as greedy other than selfless civil servants 7. Not ethical in its nature since it involves humans' life 8. Their profession is no greater than others, etc. * THE QUESTION OF ETHICS In most cases, doctors' strike has attracted many protests because the public think they are risking the lives of millions and however not ethical. Can ethics be applied to doctors' strike? First, every doctor is already bonded by code of ethics. Each doctor before taking up the post swears to abide by a code of ethics.One of the lines in the international code of ethics for doctors reads like this, â€Å"I will maintain the utmost respect for human l ife from its beginning even under threat and I will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity;† The international code of ethics further states, â€Å"A physician shall not permit motives of profit to influence the free and independent exercise of professional judgment on behalf of patients. † To the doctor, the life of the patient comes first to all other things. Doctors are also legally required to attend to patients and offer to them an undivided medical attention.This legality exists between the doctor and the government. Though the patient has intent of receiving an excellent care and treatment after paying his NHIS, in cases of strike, the patient has no legal right to sue the doctor in question, unless a private or personal doctor. He can only sue the NHIS or Ministry of Health. The issues of ethics comes into play when we talk of issues of good and evil, live and death, justice and crime, etc. Since the doctors’ primary job is to save lives and that a lost life cannot be revived, it therefore becomes delicate for the doctor when taking any action that will obliterate these ethics.Should a patient loss his or her life as a result of doctors' strike, who would be blamed? The doctor or the government? * THE ISSUE OF EGOTISM When we are talking of labor strike, we must consider the consequential results also. This is what we call utilitarianism. From Wikipedia, â€Å"Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall â€Å"good† of the greatest number of individuals. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its resulting outcome. When doctors think an action is right, then it must have a national impact as well. I am yet to offer a round of applause for doctors embarking on a strike action to improve quality health care products, laboratory equipment, enough patient wards, digital and IT in fusion into the health practice, to stop nurses' and medical personnel's migration and others that bring a unanimous good for the majority of the people in the country. Strike actions under such circumstances are justifiable and must be given an immediate support and attention.

3m Case: Business Strategies over Its History Essay

1. Describe the organizational structures and devices 3M uses to encourage entrepreneurial activity. Why do they work? 3M heavily based its business on innovation and while doing this it always supported its employees in terms of being innovative. 3M also always followed the alternative ways in order to increase their profit and market share, and they found that one of the best ways is through organizational innovation. Therefore, in order to improve their business 3M developed 6 different strategies over its history. These strategies helped 3M to promote entrepreneurship and increase customer satisfaction within the market. First strategy of 3M’s was getting close to customers and understanding their needs.3M started their businesses by selling sandpaper and the only way they could generate sales was by getting close to the customers and demonstrating their products for them. This helped them to understand customer’s needs better based on the feedbacks they get from demonstrating their products to this selected group of customers. Afterwards, as a second strategy they tried to seek out niche markets no matter how small they are. Following the success of the first strategy, 3M found that if they offered customers what they wanted, these customers will be loyal to their company. Thus they developed the second strategy to seek niche markets no matter how small, as this will allow them for charge premium prices for their products. Then they included product diversification as the third strategy. By being close to the customers, 3M identified problems that they can solve for their customers through technical expertise. This was efficient as it ensure that they continued to diversify their product offerings by developing new products to solve new or unattended customer needs. Once 3M found a new product to offer in their niche market they would move on to develop related products and thus occupy leadership positions in these markets. As the fourth strategy, they gave importance to the product development and innovation through research. This strategy was developed in line with the third strategy which was encouraging diversification. If 3M where to constantly diversify their product and service offering, the company understood that a support to its system is needed along with improved innovation and new product development to ensure that the company continues in line with their business model. As it is very important in any kind of developing business and as by time 3M gained a good place in market, they decided to get knowledge sharing strategy as the fifth one. This became official with the establishment of the technical forum in 1950s, with the aim of sharing knowledge within the company. This forum comprised of technical council and directors that held annual shows to encourage knowledge sharing in 3M. And lastly, as the sixth strategy they decided to adopt encourage achievement through a rewarding system. This strategy was adopting an employee appraisal scheme that was encouraging achievement by rewarding employees who generated successful business ideas. Employees that successful innovate new products are promoted to be the managers of that product division, this ensured that other staff members are motivated to work harder and discover new product innovation as they seek to one day become managers of their developed product lines. 2. How does 3M distinguish between incremental and fundamental innovations? 3M established a new product development central research laboratory in 1940 in other to distinguish between fundamental and incremental innovation. This approach helped the company to explore the feasibility of new products or technologies that were not related to existing ones. Incremental innovation means innovation made based on existing products and technologies while fundamental innovations are those that are not related to existing products or technologies. In the 1980s, two separate laboratories were developed in order to identify the long term and the short term researches. Short term researches were more of incremental innovation that were designed to respond to industrial and consumer needs, life science, electronics and information technologies and graphic technologies with a life span of 1-5 years. However the corporate lab was designed for fundamental innovations with researches of over 10 years. 3. Describe, as best you can from the case, the culture of the organisation. What does this depend upon? 3M based its success on entrepreneurship fundamentals and innovation. Innovation was encouraged originally in an informal way by the founders, but was later formalized over a century into an organizational culture. The organizational culture is one which encourages innovation, and it has helped 3M to realize success over the years as it was perpetuating itself. Actually this specific culture of 3M’s evolved from the place of origin which was called ‘Minnesota Nice’. It is described as a non-political, low ego, egalitarian and non-hierarchical, hardworking and self-critical. 4. Why has 3M been such a successful innovator for so long? 3M’s success in innovation can be traced back to their employee appraisal. This is because; the organization has found the missing link which numerous organizations tend to overlook when it comes to showing appreciation towards employee’s efforts. 3M is achievement oriented and achievement particularly through research was rewarded through promotion. For instance, successful new product teams were spun off to form a new division in the organization. The leader of the team is often the general manager of the new division and this w as seen as a great motivator. Lesser achievements were also rewarded and failure is not punishable. This increase in 3M employees’ motivation level has been the key to their long term success as their staffs continually give out their best for the organizational success. 5. Can other companies just copy 3M’s structures and culture and become successful innovators also? It is very popular among firms to copy the other firms’ ideas if these other firms are especially profitable. It can be said that if properly copied, organizations that copy 3M’s strategies and culture can be successful innovators as because, 3M’s culture generally employee appraisal and in business psychology. It can be said that the appraisal has been rated high as increasing employee’s motivation level and enhancing organizational success.

Definition of Cheating

DEFINITION of CHEATING Have you ever forgotten to study for a test but still gotten an â€Å"A†? Have you ever been in last place but still ended up winning the game? Have you ever been romantically involved with more than one person at the same time? If you have answered â€Å"yes† to any of the following questions, you might be a cheater! Cheating is a word that is all too familiar to most people in the world. Many try to find justification for their actions but, in reality, there is no just way to cheat.Cheating is a dishonest, immoral, and dishonorable action that puts yourself at an unfair advantage over your peers or opponents, or earns you something that you do not deserve, by breaking a rule, whether it be a moral rule, or actual written rules of an organization. Even though most people would be reluctant to admit it, cheating is a very common occurrence and there are probably more people that have cheated at one point or another, than have not. Whether in sport s, school, or even in a relationship, cheating is cheating and there is never a right way to do it!Competition runs deep in the veins of a lot of people. For many, a win is a win, no matter what the game, or what means were taken. I am sorry to inform you but, those people are part of the definition of a cheater. We would like to think that our sports are always fair and judged objectively, and a pound for pound battle to the end. That is not always the case. Too often, a team is favored by a referee or a match will be thrown for an amount of money or some other â€Å"under the table† bribe.To me, this takes the magic out of the game. When you find out a boxing match was fixed, what is the fun in getting involved and cheering for a side? The point of watching a competition is to watch two evenly matched opponents, or teams, duke it out until the end of the game and one is declared the winner. When you consider things like steroids, it seems so common that it is almost accepte d, and even expected, but it is still an unfair advantage.Over the decades, sports have become more demanding on the athlete and the competition seems more intense than ever before, but I believe the beauty of a sport is the honesty and heart of the game. Why practice if the outcome is fixed? Why spend months in training if a team is going to be paid off? For some competitors, losing is the worst thing and would rather have a victory they did not earn, and actually stole from the opponent by giving themselves an advantage over the other team. But this is cheating, and it is a dishonest, immoral, unjust way of â€Å"coming out on top†.Another very different, but equally repulsive way of cheating is cheating in a relationship. There may not be written guidelines and rules to being in a relationship, but they are still there. Everyone should have a conscience and be able to take another’s feelings into consideration enough to treat them with the respect that any person de serves, especially a person with which you are romantically involved. However, there are those people out there who just can’t say no to a tempting offer.They like to experience â€Å"the best of both worlds†, as Hannah Montana would say, but this is no way to treat a human being. If you make a conscious decision to intentionally violate the moral code of a relationship and have more than one person of romantic interest, even though the rules may be unspoken and it is more of a ‘treat your partner how you would expect or want to be treated’ thing, then that makes you a cheater. (And a despicable person, but that is just my opinion. ) A relationship is a caring bond based on mutual interests and respect.When you sneak around and have a secret fling on the side, sooner or later, the truth will come out and it could cause extreme emotional pain to the person who has been cheated on. It is a selfish and inconsiderate choice, but it is one made intentionally, f or personal gain, and is not as uncommon as we might like it to be. Finally, probably the most common form of cheating, in my opinion, is cheating in school. Getting good grades requires hard work and is a very rewarding thing when it is earned. However, there are those people out there who receive the credit without doing the work.Some students like to take the easy way out and cheat. They either copy answers from a friend, with or without them knowing, or find some other way to get around studying and still make good grades. Again, this is an immoral and selfish choice since the cheater has put no work in but has received credit. Some students cheat because they are just lazy; however, there are several kids out there who will go to great lengths to come up with some very sneaky, subtle way of copying down answers and hiding them.They put more work into cheating than it would take to actually study, which makes no sense except to assume that cheating is something they enjoy. It is like the students want to feel like they have â€Å"one-upped† the teacher, so to say, by getting an â€Å"A† without putting in work, like they have outsmarted them or something. But, in the end, the joke is on the cheater. Teachers have a point for teaching and when the student doesn’t study and learn the subject, it will just be harder on them in the long run.Hard work is exactly what it sounds like, but if you do the work, it always pays off. The alternative never does. Cheating comes in many different forms and for many different reasons; however none of those reasons are justifiable, nor will cheating ever benefit you in any way. Cheating is a form of lying: it involves being dishonest with others, it will always catch up with you, and never will it have a positive effect on you or those around you. Life is unfair as it is, and when you throw cheaters in the mix, what chance does an honest person have these days?

Nietzsche and The Meaningful Life Philosophy Essay

Nietzsche and The Meaningful Life Philosophy - Essay Example During the industrial revolution, the Western world engendered the new problem of individual existence in the world. This was based on the absurdity and alienation as portrayed in the sufferings of Etienne and Gervaise. People are still disturbed by the question of reasons of living and to find solutions on reasons of suffering. According to Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher meaning of human suffering lies on ‘styling’ through ‘becoming’. He believes that people suffer because they are under a delusion that there exists inherent meaning in themselves and the world. He believes that life is based on contingency and only individuals can instil meanings to their lives. He disagrees with persons following a ‘herd’ and a standard moral conduct. In a pursuit to find meaning in life, one must be courageous and avoid indoctrination of social morals and values. Individuals should then go out to decide on what they want to become because there are no societal intrinsic morals that are permanently embedded in us.( Gravil, 72). Nietzsche in understanding this creates a theoretical argument called ‘eternal recurrence’. This is where individuals live there life in an exact manner over and over again. Having such life demands aesthetic, ones desire harmony and experiences. Through this concept, our life is nothingness and it’s our responsibility to assert meaning to it. For styling to take place, everyone must be contended and build their lives from that. He holds that those who are dissatisfied with life will never find happiness as they will always resent who they are. Nietzsche also proposes the argument that God is dead in his book ‘The Gay Science’. He believes that God remains dead and humans have killed him and no longer aides the survival of species instead he kills them. Nietzsche believes that he is the first to have discovered the death of God. He states that the idea of God lost its fu ll power and creative force.

Ritual, Rite, Practice, Culture of Geishas in Japan Research Paper

Ritual, Rite, Practice, Culture of Geishas in Japan - Research Paper Example Diversity witnessed in societies implies that communication at the global level is complicated and various social background attributes require studies including rituals, heritage, and culture. To illustrate the importance of these attributes, the following discourse highlights the Geisha women tradition to understand certain characteristics of Japanese cross-cultural communication. Geishas are female artists and entertainers observing a conservative form of ancient Japanese civilization and culture in various aspects from attire to music. Tracing back to several centuries back in history, Geisha art was designed to entertain powerful political elites of the Japanese civilization such as emperors. According to (Cass 12), influential regional conservative politics such as the one in China’s Ming Dynasty with a traditional and conservative outlook dictated the nature of the practice of the art that was designed for such political class. Propagation of the entertainment tradition for the nobility became a prestigious art form, which in line with the conservative clients took shape of the conservative Japanese traditions that were witnessed elsewhere. Apart from specific regalia designed for the performance, the female artists undergo theatrical makeup on the face and hair that add flair and flavor to the performance. The performance of Japanese music and da nce after spells of specialized training present the Geisha as among the few undoubted custodians of Japanese cultural heritage (Brown and Iwasaki 3). The performance of the entertainment does not only present the practice as a highly organized tradition but also as an important entertainment activity with far reaching sociocultural and political implications in Japan and across the globe. In terms of the communication attributes that the cross-cultural draws from the Geishas, modernity and tradition issues emerge as strong forces of the society that need special attention. Geisha

Drawing upon the historical lessons of the Reconstruction Era and Essay

Drawing upon the historical lessons of the Reconstruction Era and cotemporary times, what should the role of government be in society - Essay Example ng and vital role in defending the rights of minorities, and must take action to atone for the wrongs of its past (for instance, by not simply ending slavery but actively redressing its effects).; The problem, however, is that from both that time period and today show that the government cannot be fully trusted: it will always act in its own self-interest. One of the most important lessons from the reconstruction era is that the government, to actually make societal changes for the better, must work to actively redress the crimes of its past – this is something that was simply not done enough during the reconstruction era, to the detriment of America today. Slavery was a crime committed by the various governments of the United States for almost 100 years – a crime that led to millions of people suffering and dying needlessly.2 America fought the civil war, at least in part, to atone for these crimes. The government also passed â€Å"constitutional amendments, [and] laws for racial equity† following the Civil war, believing simply outlawing their past crime was enough to make up for it.3 The problem, however, was that this did little to actually make up for the crimes of the past – black Americans were still widely discriminated against, and still relied on â€Å"privileged whites†4 for their work and sustenance – and if they tried to stand up against those whites they could be fired, deprived from work, otherwise harassed or even suffer violence.5 This led to black Americans having generation after generation of oppressed people, to the point where they still, more than one hundred and fifty years after the end of slavery, suffer from more societal ills such as poverty and crime. The United States government should have made a concerted effort to actually reverse the effect of the crime of slavery, not just stop committing that crime – if it had we might not need to be having debates about things like affirmative action today – and we would not

Photography with a Pinhole Camera Research Paper

Photography with a Pinhole Camera - Research Paper Example Therefore, one has to study a variety of books and other available materials to have substantial information regarding the practice of photography. The pinhole camera is one of the ancient equipment used for photography (Sandler 19). Generally, a pinhole camera can be described as a simple that has a single aperture (pinhole) with no lens. This  study  focuses on an  overview of the pinhole camera, its comparison with the human eye, construction procedure and the procedure of shadow catching. Apparently, several studies have revealed that a pinhole camera is the simplest device to use when taking pictures (Daniilidis 39). The practice of constructing and using the pinhole camera gives the student a broad exposure to various disciplines such as the human psychology and light physics. In essence, the student students get the clear picture of photography and its associated challenges and opportunities. It is worth noting that all cameras, irrespective of the level of complexity, rely on a common elementary principle. Moreover, there exist various elements in the field of photography that should be considered in the study of the pinhole camera. For instance, it is important to recognize that the pinhole camera operates just like the human eye. In essence, the components of the pinhole camera and the various parts of the human eye perform similar tasks as discussed in the subsequent paragraphs. Light from the surrounding environment gets to the human eye through the pupil. The amount of light entering through the pupil is regulated by the Iris. In essence, the major role of the iris is to manipulate the size of the pupil in relation to the amount of light. Just like the eye, the pinhole camera operates with the aid of light. Light enters the camera through the aperture. The aperture can be described as a hole that facilitates penetration of light to the camera. The amount of light through the aperture is regulated by a component referred to as the